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a USDA-ARS, AMBL, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350
b USDA-ARS, SASL, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350
* Corresponding author (thdao{at}anri.barc.usda.gov)
Received for publication June 14, 2002. Dissolved N and P transfer to runoff water may increase with surface applications and shallow soil incorporation of animal manure. Information is needed regarding water-extractable nutrient release during manure decomposition to quantify that potential transfer to runoff in permanent pastures and conservation tillage systems. Release of net mineralizable C (MIN_C), net mineralizable N (MIN_N), and dissolved reactive P (DRP) was determined in stockpiled and composted cattle (Bos taurus) manure and manure-amended soils at 4, 20, and 35°C for 322 d at about 60% water-filled pore space. Flushes of CO2–C exceeding 100 mg kg-1 d-1, inorganic N, and DRP were released rapidly from both manures when incubated alone or as soil amendments. Dissolved P release varied inversely with sorption capacity and degree of P saturation in an Aridic Paleustalf and Torrertic Paleustoll. Net mineralizable C, MIN_N, and DRP flux densities were lognormally distributed during the 322-d incubation. Results from the lognormal modeling approach suggest that incubations needed to be performed only for as long as needed to attain the 50% maximal flux density beyond the maximum to predict MIN_C, MIN_N, and DRP release flux density distributions. Significant nonlinear relationships exist between ln(cumulative CO2–C) and inorganic N or DRP and have an inflexion point between 14 and 20 d. The nonlinearity of the C-to-N and C-to-DRP relationships indicates multiple substrate pools and supports the use of lognormal distributions to describe MIN_C, MIN_N, and DRP release from manures and manure-amended soils and to shorten laborious incubations.
Abbreviations: CAFO, confined animal feeding operation • CM, composted manure • DRP, dissolved reactive phosphorus • flux densitymax, maximal flux density • MIN_C, net carbon mineralized • MIN_N, net nitrogen mineralized • PDF, probability density function • S-1, first first-order reaction • S-2, second first-order reaction • SM, stockpiled manure • WFPS, water-filled pore space
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