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SOIL MANAGEMENT

Identifying Soil Properties that Influence Cotton Yield Using Soil Sampling Directed by Apparent Soil Electrical Conductivity

^a USDA-ARS, George E. Brown, Jr., Salinity Lab., 450 West Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507-4617
^b USDA-ARS, Water Manage. Res. Lab., 9611 S. Riverbend Ave., Parlier, CA 92648

^* Corresponding author (dcorwin{at}ussl.ars.usda.gov)

Received for publication March 22, 2002. Crop yield inconsistently correlates with apparent soil electrical conductivity (EC_a) because of the influence of soil properties (e.g., salinity, water content, texture, etc.) that may or may not influence yield within a particular field and because of a temporal component of yield variability that is poorly captured by a state variable such as EC_a. Nevertheless, in instances where yield correlates with EC_a, maps of EC_a are useful for devising soil sampling schemes to identify soil properties influencing yield within a field. A west side San Joaquin Valley field (32.4 ha) was used to demonstrate how spatial distributions of EC_a can guide a soil sample design to determine the soil properties influencing seed cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.; ‘MAXXA’ variety) yield. Soil sample sites were selected with a statistical sample design utilizing spatial EC_a measurements. Statistical results are presented from correlation and regression analyses between cotton yield and the properties of pH, B, NO₃–N, Cl^-, salinity, leaching fraction (LF), gravimetric water content, bulk density, percentage clay, and saturation percentage. Correlation coefficients of -0.01, 0.50, -0.03, 0.25, 0.53, -0.49, 0.42, -0.29, 0.36, and 0.38, respectively, were determined. A site-specific response model of cotton yield was developed based on ordinary least squares regression analysis and adjusted for spatial autocorrelation using maximum likelihood. The response model indicated that salinity, plant-available water, LF, and pH were the most significant soil properties influencing cotton yield at the study site. The correlations and response model provide valuable information for site-specific management.

Abbreviations: EC_a, apparent soil electrical conductivity • EC_e, electrical conductivity of the saturation extract • GIS, geographical information systems • GPS, global positioning systems • LF, leaching fraction • OLS, ordinary least squares • SP, saturation percentage • _g, gravimetric water content • _b, bulk density

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