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SUGARCANE

Sugarcane Cultivar Response to High Summer Water Tables in the Everglades

^a USDA-ARS Sugarcane Field Stn., 12990 U.S. Hwy. 441, Canal Point, FL 33438
^b United States Sugar Corp., P.O. Drawer 1207, Clewiston, FL 33440
^c United States Sugar Corp., P.O. Drawer 1207, Clewiston, FL 33440

* Corresponding author (bglaz{at}saa.ars.usda.gov)

Sugarcane (interspecific hybrids of Saccharum spp.) in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) in Florida is frequently subjected to periods of higher-than-desired water levels. This study was conducted to evaluate yields of nine sugarcane cultivars subjected to two higher-than-conventional water tables in the EAA during the summer rainy season from the plant cane through the second-ratoon annual crop cycles. Field experiments were planted in February 1997 and January 1998. During the summers from 1997 through 1999, we sought to maintain water <15 cm below the soil surface (BSS) in the wetter field and from 15 to 38 cm BSS in the drier field. Water tables for sugarcane in the EAA fluctuate from 40 to 95 cm BSS. Targeted water levels were achieved for 40 d in 1997, 104 d in 1998, and 96 d in 1999 in the wetter field and for 35 d in 1997, 96 d in 1998, and 82 d in 1999 in the drier field. The mean sugar per hectare in the wetter field was 91.7% that of the drier field. Yields of ‘Canal Point (CP) 72-2086’ and ‘CP 82-1172’ were not affected by water table. Cultivar CP 85-1308 had higher yields in the wetter field in two of five harvests. Sugar per hectare of ‘CP 80-1743’ was reduced by 25.1% in the wetter field. The variability among commercial cultivars to maintain yields at high water tables suggests that routine screening of promising sugarcane genotypes under high water tables would help identify more cultivars that maintain high yields in wetter conditions in the EAA.

Abbreviations: BSS, below soil surface • CP, Canal Point • EAA, Everglades Agricultural Area • TRS, theoretical recoverable sugar

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