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CORN

Evaluation of Narrow-Row Corn Forage in Field-Scale Studies

^a Dep. of Crop and Soil Sci., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853
^b Dep. of Animal Sci., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853

* Corresponding author (wjc3{at}cornell.edu)

Received for publication April 3, 2001. Some dairy producers in the northeastern USA grow corn (Zea mays L.) in narrow rows at high plant densities and N fertility. We evaluated first-year, second-year, and continuous corn in field-scale studies at 0.76- and 0.38-m row spacings at recommended densities (85000 plants ha^-1) and N fertility (165 kg ha^-1) and at 0.38-m spacing at high densities (100000 plants ha^-1) and N fertility (225 kg ha^-1) in 1998, 1999, and 2000 to determine if narrow-row corn forage requires high densities and N fertility for optimum yield and quality. Narrow-row corn at high vs. recommended densities and N fertility had similar soil NO₃–N concentrations in the upper 0.3-m depth and whole-plant N concentrations at the sixth leaf stage of corn (V6) as well as similar ear-leaf N concentrations at silking in eight of the nine site-year comparisons. All treatments were above critical concentrations for soil NO₃–N concentrations (>25 mg kg^-1), whole-plant N concentrations (>35 g kg^-1), and ear-leaf N concentrations (>25 g kg^-1, except in the cool 2000 season). Consequently, narrow-row corn at high vs. recommended densities and N fertility had similar dry matter yield and quality in eight site-year comparisons. Furthermore, narrow-row corn at high vs. recommended densities and N fertility had greater residual soil NO₃–N concentrations in three site-year comparisons. We recommended that dairy producers in the northeastern USA grow narrow-row corn forage at recommended plant densities and N fertility.

Abbreviations: DM, dry matter • GDD, growing degree days • IVTD, in vitro true digestibility • NDF, neutral detergent fiber

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