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RICE

Nitrogen Dynamics and Fertilizer Use Efficiency in Rice following Straw Incorporation and Winter Flooding

^a Dep. of Land, Air, and Water Resources, Univ. of California, Davis, CA 95616
^b Dep. of Agron. and Range Sci

* Corresponding author (cvankessel{at}ucdavis.edu)

Incorporation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw, when compared with burning, affects soil N supply by increasing N and C inputs. This study determined the effects of long-term alternative rice straw management and winter flooding on seasonal crop uptake of N, fertilizer N use efficiency (FNUE), and crop N uptake from ¹⁵N-labeled straw. Microplots were established on two sites in California, Maxwell and Biggs, by applying ¹⁵N-labeled fertilizer during Year 4 of a long-term rice straw management study. At the end of the year, ¹⁵N-labeled straw was applied to assess crop uptake of straw N in the following season. Fertilizer use efficiency by ¹⁵N dilution (FUE–¹⁵N) over the growing season at Maxwell and at final harvest at Biggs was significantly higher when straw was burned rather than incorporated. Fertilizer use efficiency by N difference was significantly greater than FUE–¹⁵N, suggesting an apparent added N interaction (ANI). Straw management did not significantly affect the uptake of residual fertilizer ¹⁵N or of straw ¹⁵N in the subsequent year. Winter flooding had no significant effect on measured parameters. Data indicate a decrease in FNUE with a concomitant and more significant increase in the plant available soil N following the change in straw management from burning to incorporation. Belowground ¹⁵N pools appear to be a larger source of N for the following crop than aboveground residue.

Abbreviations: ANI, added nitrogen interaction • FNUE, fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency • FUE–¹⁵N, fertilizer use efficiency by nitrogen-15 dilution • FUE-ND, fertilizer use efficiency by nitrogen difference

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