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SOIL MANAGEMENT

Tillage and Nitrogen Fertilization Influences on Grain and Soil Nitrogen in a Spring Wheat–Fallow System

^a USDA-ARS, P.O. Box E, Fort Collins, CO 80522
^b USDA-ARS, 119 Keim Hall, East Campus, Univ. Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583
^c USDA-ARS, retired, 226 E. Circle Dr., Canon City, CO 81212

* Corresponding author (adhalvor{at}lamar.colostate.ed)

Received for publication January 26, 2001. Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is generally produced in the northern Great Plains using tillage and a crop–fallow system. This study evaluated the influence of tillage system [conventional-till (CT), minimum-till (MT), and no-till (NT)] and N fertilizer rate (0, 22, and 45 kg N ha^-1) on grain N, grain N removal from cropping system, and changes in residual postharvest soil NO₃–N during six rotation cycles of a dryland spring wheat–fallow (SW–F) cropping system. Grain N concentration increased with increasing N rate and was higher with CT (33.3 g kg^-1) than with NT (32.3 g kg^-1) at 45 kg ha^-1 N rate. Grain N removal per crop was greater with CT (70 kg N ha^-1) and MT (68 kg N ha^-1) than with NT (66 kg N ha^-1) and tended to increase with increasing N rate, but varied with rotation cycle. Total grain N removal in six rotation cycles was in the order: CT > MT > NT. Total grain N removal by six SW crops was increased by N fertilization, with only 21 and 17% of the applied N removed in the grain for the 22 and 45 kg ha^-1 N rates, respectively. Postharvest soil NO₃–N levels in the 150-cm profile varied with N rate and rotation cycle, with residual NO₃–N increasing during consecutive dry crop cycles. In contrast, some leaching of NO₃–N below the SW root zone may have occurred during wetter crop cycles. Soil profile NO₃–N levels tended to be greater with CT and MT than with NT. Variation in precipitation during rotation cycles and N fertilization impacted grain N removal and residual soil NO₃–N levels more than tillage system within this SW–F cropping system.

Abbreviations: CT, conventional-till • F, fallow • MT, minimum-till • NT, no-till • SW, spring wheat

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