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SOIL MANAGEMENT

Performance of Site-Specific Nutrient Management for Irrigated Rice in Southeast China

^a College of Environ. and Nat. Resources Sci., Zhejiang Univ., Huajiachi, Hangzhou 310029, P.R. China
^b Dep. of Agron. and Hortic., Univ. of Nebraska, P.O. Box 830915, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915
^c Int. Rice Res. Inst. (IRRI), DAPO, Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
^d Agric. Res. Stn., Jinhua, Zhejiang, P.R. China
^e Agric. Technol. Ext. Stn., Jinhua, Zhejiang, P.R. China

* Corresponding author (adobermann2{at}unl.edu)

Received for publication October 2, 2000. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield increases in Zhejiang, China have slowed since 1985 despite the increasing use of hybrids and fertilizers. On-farm experiments at 21 sites were conducted to evaluate a new approach for site-specific nutrient management (SSNM). Field- and season-specific N–P–K applications were calculated by accounting for the indigenous nutrient supply, yield targets, and nutrient demand as a function of the interactions between N, P, and K. Nitrogen applications were fine-tuned based on season-specific rules and field-specific monitoring of crop N status. The performance of SSNM was tested for four successive rice crops. Compared with the current farmers' fertilizer practice (FFP), average grain yield increased from 5.9 to 6.4 Mg ha^-1 while plant N, P, and K uptake increased by 8 to 14%. The gross return over fertilizer cost was about 10% greater with SSNM than with FFP. Yields were about 20% greater in late rice (hybrid cultivars) than in early rice (inbred cultivars), but SSNM performed equally better than FFP in both seasons. Improved timing and splitting of fertilizer N increased N recovery efficiency from 0.18 kg kg^-1 in FFP plots to 0.29 kg kg^-1 in SSNM plots. The agronomic N use efficiency (grain yield increase per kilogram fertilizer applied) was 80% greater with SSNM than with FFP. As defined in our study, SSNM has potential for improving yields and nutrient efficiency in irrigated rice. Future research needs to develop a practical approach for achieving similar benefits across large areas without field-specific modeling and with minimum crop monitoring.

Abbreviations: AE_N, agronomic efficiency of applied fertilizer N • DAT, days after transplanting • ER, early rice • FFP, farmers' fertilizer practice • GRF, gross return above fertilizer cost • IKS, indigenous K supply • INS, indigenous N supply • IPS, indigenous P supply • LR, late rice • PFP_N, partial factor productivity of applied N • PI, panicle initiation • RE_N, recovery efficiency of applied N • SSNM, site-specific nutrient management

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