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SOIL MANAGEMENT

Tillage and Nitrogen Fertilization Influence Grain and Soil Nitrogen in an Annual Cropping System

^a USDA-ARS, P.O. Box E, Fort Collins, CO 80522
^b USDA-ARS, 119 Keim Hall, East Campus, Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583
^c USDA-ARS, 226 E. Circle Dr., Canon City, CO 81212

* Corresponding author (adhalvor{at}lamar.colostate.edu)

Received for publication September 15, 2000. Increasing the frequency of cropping in dryland systems in the northern Great Plains requires the application of N fertilizer to maintain optimum crop yields. A 12-yr annual cropping rotation [spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–winter wheat–sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)] under dryland conditions was monitored to determine the influence of tillage system [conventional till (CT), minimum till (MT), and no till (NT)] and N fertilizer rate (34, 67, and 101 kg N ha^-1) on N removed in grain and annual changes in postharvest soil NO₃–N. Nitrogen removal in the grain increased with increasing N rate in most years. Total grain N removal was lowest with NT at the lowest N rate and highest with NT at the highest N rate compared with CT. Total grain N removal after 12 cropping seasons was 144, 84, and 61% of the total N applied for the 34, 67, and 101 kg N ha^-1 fertilizer rates, respectively. Residual soil NO₃–N levels were not affected by N rate or tillage system in the first 3 yr, but they increased significantly following consecutive drought years. Residual NO₃–N in the 150-cm soil profile tended to be higher with CT and MT than with NT. Soil NO₃–N movement below the crop root zone may have occurred in 1 or 2 yr when precipitation was above average. Results indicate that NT, with annual cropping, may reduce the quantity of residual soil NO₃–N available for leaching compared with MT and CT systems.

Abbreviations: CT, conventional till • MT, minimum till • NT, no till • SF, sunflower • SW, spring wheat • WW, winter wheat

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