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SMALL GRAINS

Phenological Development of Spring Barley in a Short-Season Growing Area

^a Field Crop Dev. Cent., Alberta Agric., Food, and Rural Dev., 5030 50th St., Lacombe, AB T4L 1W8 Canada
^b Semiarid Prairie Agric. Res. Cent., Agric. and Agri-Food Canada, Box 1030, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2 Canada
^c Agron. Unit, Alberta Agric., Food, and Rural Development, 905 O.S. Longman Building, Edmonton, AB T6H 4P2 Canada

Corresponding author (patricia.juskiw{at}gov.ab.ca)

Understanding the phenological development of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown under field conditions in its major growing area in the northern Great Plains, the Canadian province of Alberta, is important for the development of a crop model in this area. Five cultivars of barley registered for production on the Canadian Prairies were grown at three locations in Alberta (Botha, Lacombe, and Olds) from 1993 to 1996. Measurements and estimates were made of 12 growth stages, the final leaf number of the main culm, phyllochrons, and leaf area indices (LAIs). The average phyllochron was 69.1 growing degree days (GDD), and the final leaf number was 9.0. While location–year differences in GDD requirements to reach successive stages could be related to environmental conditions, the genotypic effects and genotype x environment (g x e) interactions would require that specific genotypic coefficients be introduced into the model. For instance, `Manley' required only 129 GDD to emerge and 493 GDD to reach Apex 1 but required 1495 GDD to reach physiological maturity while `Tukwa' required 133 GDD to emerge, 514 GDD to reach Apex 1, and only 1431 GDD to reach physiological maturity. Despite genotypic differences in reaching specific growth stages, all cultivars had very synchronous growth under the wide range of environments encountered in the 12 location-years of these tests. This should allow for the development of a crop model for barley that will accurately predict growth stages and the allocation of resources to the growth and maintenance of plant structures (leaves, stems, spikes, and kernels).

Abbreviations: B&W, Banerjee and Wienhues • g x e, genotype x environment interaction • GDD, growing degree days • LAI, leaf area index • LAI_max, maximum leaf area index