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SOIL FERTILITY

Evaluation of the Presidedress Soil Nitrogen Test for No-Tillage Maize Fertilized at Planting

Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (U.N.M.P.)-Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce (I.N.T.A.), Unidad Integrada Balcarce, C.C. 276, (7620) Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina

hecheverr{at}balcarce.inta.gov.ar

Soil N transformations under no-tillage (NT) could affect the utility of the presidedress soil nitrate test (PSNT), particularly where early season growing conditions are cool as in Balcarce, Argentina. The PSNT was evaluated for irrigated NT maize (Zea mays L.) with different N rates (Exp. 1) and for rainfed maize under NT and conventional tillage (CT) with different preceding crops and N rates (Exp. 2). In both experiments, N was surface broadcast as (NH₂)₂CO at planting. The reliability of the PSNT was evaluated when NH⁺₄–N was determined and when samples were taken up to a 60-cm depth in the first experiment. In this experiment, the relative yield (RY) was highly correlated with soil NO^-₃–N concentration (0–30 cm) at the six-leaf stage (V6). The reliability (R²) did not improve when NH⁺₄–N was determined or when sampling was done up to a 60-cm depth. In the second experiment, there was a good relationship between the RY and NO^-₃–N concentration (0–30 cm) at V6 , and the R² value increased when the preceding crop was wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Soil NO^-₃–N critical concentrations ranged between 17 and 27 mg kg^-1 and were associated with a RY of 0.92 or higher in both experiments. The results of this study show that the PSNT can be used to evaluate preplant N applications as a complementary method to N budget in maize under different management practices.

Abbreviations: CT, conventional tillage • LRP, linear response-and-plateau model • NT, no-tillage • PSNT, presidedress soil nitrate test • RY, relative yield • V6, six-leaf stage

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