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SOIL FERTILITY

No-Tillage Soybean Response to Banded and Broadcast and Direct and Residual Fertilizer Phosphorus and Potassium Applications

Dep. of Agronomy, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011 USA

tpolito{at}iastate.edu

Improved P and K management systems for no-tillage soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] may be needed to increase yield and profits. This study evaluated the response of soybean to fertilizer P or K rates and placement as well as residual and direct fertilization from 1995 through 1996. Two K and two P experiments were established on farmers' fields with 10-yr histories of no tillage. An additional P experiment was conducted on one of Iowa State University's research farms. Treatments on farmers' fields included two rates of P (0 and 19.5 kg P ha^-1) or K (0 and 51 kg K ha^-1), placement of fertilizer (surface broadcast or a subsurface band 5 cm beside and 5 cm below the seed ) and time of fertilizer application. Treatments on the research farm were similar, except the P fertilizer rates applied were 0, 19, 39, and 78 kg ha^-1. Leaf P and K concentrations and grain yields were measured. Soil test P and K levels at the 0- to 15-cm depths ranged from low to very high across sites at the beginning of the experiment. Placement effects were variable for leaf P or K concentrations. Grain yields for broadcast P and K were as good as or better than the banded applications. However, there may be an advantage to applying P directly to the soybean crop, at least when soil test levels are optimum or lower.

Abbreviations: CR, Cedar Rapids • MK, Maquoketa • NM, New Market • NWRC, Northwest Research Center • STK, soil test K • STP, soil test P • WB, Webb

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