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Cotton Yield and Fiber Quality Response to Green Manures and Nitrogen

USDA-ARS Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Res. Ctr, P.O. Box 3039, Florence, SC, 29502
Dep. of Agronomy and Soils, Clemson Univ., Pee Dee Res. and Educ. Ctr., P.O. Box 3039, Florence, SC, 29501
USDA-ARS Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Res. Ctr, P.O. Box 3039, Florence, SC, 29502

^* Corresponding author

The quantity and availability of N from green manures will considerably affect the N management of a succeeding cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crop. This study was conducted to determine the N supplying capacity of crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), Austrian winter pea [Pisum sativum subsp, arvense (L.) Poir.], and rye (Secale cereale L.) to cotton and their influence on cotton yield and fiber properties. Green manure treatments (and a fallow check) with fertilizer N levels of 0, 56, 112, and 168 kg ha^–1 were compared for 3 yr on a Norfolk loamy sand (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Kandiudult). Soil moisture at planting was similar among the four green manuretr eatments. At the 0 N level, the legumes generally had higher soil NO₃-N than rye or fallow. Cotton grown following clover and pea with 0 kg ha^–1 added N had petiole NO₃-N levels similar to those of rye and fallow with 56 kg N ha^–1. Fertilizer N had no influence on cotton yield in the pea winter cover treatment. A quadratic regression equation best described the lint yield response following clover. for both rye and fallow treatments, yield plateaued at 56 kg N ha^–1. Green manures had little influence on fiber properties. The results indicate that legumes supply adequate but not excessive N for modern cotton production and that incorporation of rye into the production system does not affect N fertilization requirements.

Received for publication October 8, 1992.

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