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Morphological and Physiological Variation in Wild Oat¹

Wild oat (Avena fatua L.) is well adapted to grow and persist under a wide range of climatic and edaphic conditions. The present study was conducted to evaluate the variation within the wild oat population in North Dakota and Minnesota as to morphology, dormancy, and herbicide response. Growth characteristics of 230 wild oat accessions and their response to several herbicides for wild oat control were determined. Research was conducted in the glasshouse with potting soil (2:l:l v/v/v Fargo silty clay, sand, and compost) or field on a Fargo silty clay (fine, montmorillonitic, frigid, Vertic Haplaquolls) or Barnes loam (fine-loamy, mixed Udic Haploborolls). The wild oat accessions differed in plant height, number of tillers, days to panicle emergence, grain yield, and response to diclofop {2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) phenoxy]propanoic acid}, difenzoquat (1,2-dimethyl-3,5- diphenyl-1H-pyrazolium-ion), flamprop [N-benzoyl-N-(3-chloro-4-fluoropheny1)-DL-alanine], and MSMA (monosodium methanearsonate). The accessions were classified into four botanical varieties (ecotypes) based on caryopsis (seed) characteristics; but magnitude classes within the measured traits showed no relationship to the ecotype classification.

Wild oat seed dormancy varied between accessions and was influenced by location and season. The variation in wild oat indicates a potential within the natural population for certain accessions to become more weedy than others especially those possessing high dormancy, herbicide resistance, and seed production.

Key Words: Morphology • Herbicide response • Dormancy • Avena fatua L.

² Associate professor, professor Dep. of Agronomy, North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND 58105; and former res. assoc. (now superintendent BASF Experimental Farm, 1200 Nelspruit, South Africa).

Received for publication March 12, 1981.

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