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Soybean Yield Compensation with Different Populations and Missing Plant Patterns¹

Soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.] populations are sometimes uneven because of skips or missing plants in a section of row. The relative amount of anticipated yield loss and compensation can be valuable in deciding to replant or not. This research compares soybean yields and yield components associated with skips of different lengths and arrangements using two cultivars in 76.M rows for two cropping years in northwest Indiana. Four-row plots were used in two experiments having a randomized, complete-block design with four replications. Skips in rows were made by removing plants before the V-3 stage was reached. Skips were made in one interior row in the first experiment. Yields of the skip row declined as skips became longer. Several short skips reduced yields less than one long skip of the same total length. In an adjacent interior row with no skips, yields increased 0.4 to 18.3% over that of the check (3,712 kg/ha) adjacent to 0.76-m and 3.05-m skips, respectively. The ‘Woodworth’ cultivar yielded relatively more than ‘Wells’ in one year, particularly where longer (>0.30 m) skips occupied 50% of the total row length, mainly because Woodworth had more pods per plant. In the second experiment, where three of the treatments had different populations (10.5, 14.1, and 18.0 plants/m, yields remained the same (3,839 to 3,893 kg/ha). In the seven treatments with alternate skips in each row, yield reductions varied from 1.1% with 0.30.m skips to 15.3% with 1.22-m skips in 50% of the entire row length. The constant yield in the three populations and relatively small decline in yield for the longer skips (0.61, 0.92, 1.22-m) either in one-fourth or one-half of the total row length was due to compensation resulting from increases in numbers of branches per plant, increases in numbers of pods on branches and on the main stem, and increases in numbers of seeds per pod on branches as each plant was given more space. Increasing weight per seed played a small role.

Key Words: Replanting • Skips • Cultivar • Yield components • Space utilization • Glycine max(L.) Merr.

² Associate prcifessor and professor of agronomy, respectively.

Received for publication July 5, 1978.

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