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Effect of Planting Depth, Temperature, and Cultivars on Emergence and Yield of Double Cropped Soybeans¹

Adequate soil moisture may not be available in the first 5 cm of soil for the germination and emergence of soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] planted immediately after wheat is harvested. Since soil moisture generally increases with depth, deeper planting may be advantageous to help unsure an adequate plant population. Three experiments were conducted to determine the influence of planting depth and temperature on the emergence and yield of several cultivars of soybeans. A pot experiment conducted in growth chambers had these variables: (a) nine cultivars from three maturity groups, (b) three planting depths—5, 7.5, and 10 cm and (c) three temperatures—16, 24, and 32 C. The soil medium consisted of a mixture of silt loam, sand, and peat in a ratio of 1:1:1, by volume. The second experiment was a 1973 field experiment which was planted with a no-till planter in 76 cm rows. The 1973 field experiment involved: (a) three cultivars in different maturity groups, and (b) three planting depths—5, 7.5, and 10 cm. A second field experiment was conducted in 1974 in which doublecropped soybeans were planted with a no-till planter with the following variables: (a) five cultivars from three maturity groups, (b) two row widths—51 and 76 cm, and (c) three planting depth treatments—5, 7.5, and 7.5 cm covered by 5 cm of soil. Both field experiments were conducted in a Stoy series soil of the fine-silty, mixed, inesic family in the Albaquic Fraguidalf subgroup. These experiments indicated that (a) most soybean varieties can emerge satisfactorily from depths up to 7.5 cm, providing moisture is not a limiting factor, (b) high temperatures accelerate soybean emergence and although some reduction in percent emergence occurs, it does not appear to be a prohibitive factor, and (c) the highest yields in southern Illinois were achieved with varieties from maturity groups III and IV when planted in 51 cm rows.

Key Words: Multiple cropping • Production practices

² Associate professor. The author gratefully acknowledges thefinancial support for this project from funds of the 1/4¢/bushelsoybean checkoff provided by the the Illinois Soybean Program Operating Board.