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Pod Breakdown, Yield, and Grade of Virginia Type Peanuts as Affected by Ca, Mg, and K Sulfates¹

Above-normal rates of gypsum (CaSO₄-2H₂O), up to 3,090 kg/ha broadcast in early bloom stage, on peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) plants of the ‘Virginia bunch 46-2’ cultivar reduced pod breakdown, a destructive preharvest disease, in 2 out of 3 years, 1964 –66. Gypsum increased fruit yields and percent sound mature seeds and decreased percent extra large seeds and percent fancy size pods in 1964 and 1965. In all 3 years, gypsum increased percent Ca in pods, and decreased percent K in pods and percent externally damaged seeds.

In 1965, 1,345 kg/ha MgSO₄ broadcast on plants in early bloom stage increased pod breakdown and percent externally damaged seeds and decreased percent Ca in pods.

K₂SO₄ at 1,510 kg/ha in 1965, and 1,010 and 2,020 kg/ha in 1966, increased pod breakdown, percent K in pods, and percent externally damaged seeds. K₂SO₄ also decreased fruit yield and percentages of extra large and sound mature seeds, fancy size pods, and Ca in pods.

Key Words: landplaster • peanut disease • peanut fertilization • peanut pod rot

² Associate Professor of Agronomy, Tidewater Research Station, and Research Plant Pathologist, Crops Research Division, ARS, USDA, respectively, Holland, Va. 23391.

Received for publication December 6, 1967.