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Influence of Tillage Practices on Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Yields¹

An experiment to investigate seedbed preparation and planting methods for safflower was conducted from 1963 through 1965. Three tillage intensities, designated excessive, moderate, and minimum depending on the number and kind of tillage operations performed prior to planting, were used.

Three different tillage tools were used as the primary implement in preparing the seedbed -- sweep machine, one-way, and plow. Two different types of drill were used: one with a double rolling disk furrow opener and the other with a planting shoe opener.

Minimumm, oderate, and excessive tillage plot yields averaged 462, 419, and 383 kg/ha, respectively. Yields of 459, 397, and 383 kg/ha of safflower were obtained from sweep-machine, plow, and oneway plots, respectively. Shoe-drill plots averaged 455 kg/ha, disk-drill plots averaged 387 kg/ha, and in only rare instances did the diskdrill equal or exceed shoe-drill plot yields. Sweepmachine, minimum tillage plots seeded with the shoe drill gave 336 kg/ha greater safflower yields than commercial fields in the 3 years of the test and 25% better yields than the next highest plot yields in the test. Implements used to produce these yields are common items in farmers' equipmenbt ut are seldom used for this crop. In addition, the use of minimum tillage would leave crop residue on the soil surface to help prevent wind erosion and conserve moisture.

Key Words: safflower seedbed • tillage intensities • tillage tools • drill types

² Associate Professors of Agronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, and Scotts Bluff Exp. Sta., Mitchell, Nebr. respectively.

Received for publication May 24, 1967.