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COTTON

Cotton Yield Responses to Fertilizer Nitrogen Rates in a Cotton-Corn Rotation

^a Louisiana State Univ. Agric. Ctr., Macon Ridge Res. Stn., 212A Macon Ridge Rd., Winnsboro, LA 71295
^b School of Plant, Environmental and Soil Sci., Louisiana State Univ. Agric. Ctr., 104 Sturgis Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
^c Louisiana State Univ. Agric. Ctr., Northeast Res. Stn., P.O. Box 438, St. Joseph, LA 71366
^d Arkansas Crop Tech, 495 Wattensaw Rd., Loanoke, AR 72086-9078
^e Dep. of Soil and Crop Sci., Texas A&M Univ., 370 Olsen Blvd., College Station, TX 77843-2474. Published with the approval of the Director, Louisiana Agric. Exp. Stn. Manuscript 2008-258-1551

^* Corresponding author (dboquet{at}agcenter.lsu.edu).

The amount of N fertilizer needed for optimal cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yield in cotton-corn (Zea mays L.) rotations should be established to enhance the agronomic, economic, and environmental sustainability of crop rotations in the mid-southern United States. Nitrogen rates were evaluated in field studies from 1996 through 2001 on Commerce silt loam (SL) (fine-silty, mixed, nonacid, thermic Aeric Fluvaquent) and on irrigated Gigger SL (fine-silty, mixed, thermic Typic Fragiudalf) to determine cotton yield responses to residual and fertilizer N rates in 2-yr rotation cycles with corn. The treatments included N rates of 0, 168, 224, and 280 kg ha^–1 applied to corn, and N rates of 0, 28, 56, 84, 112, and 140 kg ha^–1 applied to the following cotton crop. Effects of the corn N rate, fertilizer N rate, and their interaction on cotton yield were significant (P < 0.05) for both locations. Each 1 kg ha^–1 increase in corn N rate decreased the lint yield response to fertilizer N rate 0.12% on Commerce SL and 0.09% on Gigger SL. Optimal fertilizer N rates for lint yield on Commerce SL were 112, 84, 84, and 56 kg ha^–1 following corn N rates of 0, 168, 224, and 280 kg ha^–1, respectively. Optimal N rates on Gigger SL were 84, 56, 56, and 56 kg ha^–1 following corn N rates of 0, 168, 224, and 280 kg ha^–1, respectively. Residual corn N influenced lint yield responses to fertilizer N rate and the N rates needed to achieve optimal yield in a cotton-corn rotation.

Abbreviations: SL, silt loam

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Received for publication April 25, 2008.