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SOYBEAN

Planting Date and Seed Treatment Effects on Soybean in the Northeastern United States

^a Dep. of Crop and Soil Sci
^b Dep. of Entomology, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853

^* Corresponding author (wjc3{at}cornell.edu).

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production is limited in the northeastern United States so research on optimum planting date is scarce. Soybean production in this region may increase because of biodiesel demand so we initiated a 2-yr study in New York that compared soybean planting dates with and without seed-applied fungicide/insecticide treatments. Soybean planted in mid- compared with late May had a longer emergence time (15 and 6 d) and lower plant densities (35.6 and 39.5 plants m^–2), but produced more pods side branch^–1 (7.4 and 5.5), which contributed to more pods plant^–1 (30.9 and 25.7) and pods m^–2 (1079 and 958, respectively). The late compared with mid-May planting date, however, had more seeds pod^–1 (2.28 and 2.19), which contributed to similar seeds m^–2 (2180 and 2357) and seed yield (3.8 and 3.9 Mg ha^–1, respectively). Soybean planted in mid-June compared with mid-May had more plants m^–2 (38.0) but fewer pods side branch^–1 (3.4), pods plant^–1 (22.5), pods m^–2 (879), seeds m^–2 (1 910), and lower seed yield (3.5 Mg ha^–1). Seed treatments did not affect plant density, pod density, and seed yield, but had inconsistent effects on seeds pod^–1, seeds m^–2, and seed mass. The results of this study indicate that there is a fairly broad optimum planting date range and that insecticide/fungicide seed treatment is not required for soybean production in the northeastern United States, but more research is necessary to corroborate these findings.

Abbreviations: R1, beginning flowering • R2, full flowering • R4, full pod development • R5, beginning seed development • R6, full seed development • R7, physiological maturity • R8, full maturity • Vn, (nth node development)

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Received for publication January 9, 2008.