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MANURE

Plant-Available Nitrogen from Poultry Manure as Affected by Time of Application

Dep. of Agronomy, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011-1010

^* Corresponding author (ruizdiaz{at}iastate.edu).

Appropriate poultry manure management is essential to ensure maximum crop N utilization and reduce risk of negative environmental impact. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three application times (late fall, winter, and spring preplant) on N availability from two sources of poultry manure [chicken (Gallus domesticus) and turkey (Melleagris gallopavo)] for corn (Zea mays L.) production. Manure was applied based on total N, intending to supply 84 and 168 kg total N ha^–1. Urea fertilizer was applied at the same time as the manure at six rates (0, 34, 67, 100, 134, 168 kg N ha^–1). Soil classification used for the study was primarily Clarion (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludolls) and Nicollet (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Hapludolls). Effect of application timing was determined by response in grain yield, grain N uptake (GNU), leaf chlorophyll meter (CM) reading, and soil NO3^––N measured in early June. Soil NO3^––N concentrations were greater for manure and fertilizer N applied in spring compared with fall and winter application, but the same for both poultry manure sources. Grain yield, GNU, and CM reading response to manure N were not different among either poultry manure sources or application timings. Furthermore, estimated manure plant N availability was not different among poultry manure sources or time of application. Overall first year crop-available N from poultry manure, based on fertilizer N equivalence, using grain yield, GNU, and CM readings was estimated at 43 to 53% of total N. The supply of available N to corn was not affected by poultry manure application timing despite different lengths of time to crop uptake or delayed incorporation with winter application.

Abbreviations: CM, SPAD chlorophyll meter • GNU, grain nitrogen uptake • LSD, least significant difference

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Received for publication January 8, 2008.