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MANURE

Poultry Manure Supply of Potentially Available Nitrogen with Soil Incubation

Dep. of Agronomy, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011-1010

^* Corresponding author (ruizdiaz{at}iastate.edu).

Poultry production is an important and growing livestock industry in Iowa and use of poultry manure as a crop N resource is increasing. Aerobic incubation studies were used to examine potentially available nitrogen (PAN) from poultry manure using two contrasting Iowa agricultural soils, a Clarion loam (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludolls) and Canisteo clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, mesic Typic Endoaquolls). Two consecutive incubation experiments were conducted, each using the same soils and treatments. Incubation 1 used an approximate rate of 86 mg total N kg^–1 incubated for 112 d, and Incubation 2 used an approximate rate of 200 mg total N kg^–1 incubated for 84 d. Incubation 2 included more frequent initial sampling. Nitrogen sources included urea, uric acid, and two sources of poultry manure, chicken (Gallus domesticus) and turkey (Melleagris gallopavo) obtained from local production facilities. Soil samples were collected at multiple times during incubation and inorganic NH₄⁺–N and NO₃^––N concentrations measured. The accumulation of NO₃^––N was used to estimate PAN. The poultry manure sources provided high levels of PAN, 66% of total manure N for chicken and 55% for turkey. These values were lower than those found for urea and uric acid. The majority of the NO₃^––N accumulation occurred within 7 d of incubation, with no increase after 14 d. This indicates that considerable NO₃^––N used to estimate PAN originated from the combined NH₄⁺–N and uric acid–N components of the poultry manures. However, water soluble nitrogen (WSN) represented approximately 66 and 58% of total N for the chicken and turkey manure, respectively, which are higher than the NH₄⁺–N plus uric acid–N fractions. These WSN levels are close to the estimated PAN values for each manure source. This indicates that poultry manure analysis for WSN could improve the estimation of crop available–N compared to NH₄⁺–N or a fraction of total N.

Abbreviations: OM, organic matter • PAN, potentially available nitrogen • TOC, total organic carbon • WSN, water soluble nitrogen

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Received for publication November 14, 2007.