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FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT

Influence of Phosphorus, Nitrogen, and Potassium Chloride Placement and Rate on Durum Wheat Yield and Quality

^a Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Indian Head Research Farm, P.O. Box 760, Indian Head, SK, Canada S0G 2K0
^b Indian Head Agricultural Research Foundation, P.O. Box 156, Indian Head, SK, Canada S0G 2K0
^c Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre, P.O. Box 1030, Swift Current, SK, Canada S9H 3X2

^* Corresponding author (mayb{at}agr.gc.ca).

Information regarding the impact of P and KCl rate and placement in conjunction with N rate on durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) is limited in the Great Plains. Our objectives were to determine the effects of N, P, and KCl fertilizer rate and P and KCl placement on grain yield and quality of durum wheat grown on low P soils. Nine combinations of N and P fertilizer and five combinations of N, P, and KCl applied with the seed and in a side band, were compared over 3 yr at Indian Head, SK, in fields with soil P levels <9 kg ha^–1. Grain yield increased 15% as N application increased from 45 to 140 kg ha^–1. Grain yield increased by 10% as the P rate increased from 0 to 17 kg ha^–1 under dry conditions in 2003, but not in 2002 and 2004. No interaction was detected between N and P for grain yield. Grain yield was unaffected by KCl application and P or KCl placement, in the high K soils included in the study. Grain protein increased from 123 to 150 g kg^–1 as N fertilizer rate increased, but decreased from 140 to 136 g kg^–1 as more P was applied. However, Red smudge decreased as P increased. Results from this study indicate that N application does not affect the amount of P required by durum wheat and that yield responses to P can occur in soils low in P under dry conditions.

Abbreviations: CWAD, Canada Western Amber Durum • FDK, Fusarium-damaged kernels • FHB, Fusarium head blight • KCl, potassium chloride • MAP, monoammonium phosphate • TSP, triple superphosphate

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Received for publication February 27, 2007.