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POTATO

Interactive Effects of Carbon Dioxide and Water Stress on Potato Canopy Growth and Development

USDA-ARS Crop Systems and Global Change Lab., 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705. Mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the USDA and does not imply the exclusion of other available products

^* Corresponding author (david.fleisher{at}ars.usda.gov).

Reductions in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) canopy growth are observed with mild water stress. Potato growth is enhanced by elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide ([CO₂]), but interactions of [CO₂] and water stress on canopy formation and dry matter partitioning have not been studied. Two soil-plant-atmosphere research (SPAR) experiments were conducted at 370 or 740 µmol mol^–1 [CO₂] and six different irrigations from 10 to 100% of the daily water uptake of the control. Increases in plant length from 23 to 111 cm at 60 d after emergence (DAE), leaf appearance duration from 38 to 71 d, leaf appearance rate from 0.5 to 0.93 leaves d^–1, individual leaf area from 50 to 175 cm², and lateral branch elongation were observed as irrigation increased. Values were generally smaller for elevated [CO₂] plants under water stress. Biomass increased with irrigation from 73 to 346 g plant^–2. The percentage allocated to the canopy increased with irrigation from 50 to 80% in ambient and 30 to 80% in elevated [CO₂]. Despite decreased canopy size, elevated [CO₂] plants produced similar total biomass, but higher yield, at most irrigations. Reduced canopy mass in elevated [CO₂] plants was attributed to suppressed lateral branch development due to an interactive effect of [CO₂] and water stress on tuber sink strength. These results indicate that water stress predicted by climate change models will be mediated somewhat under [CO₂] enrichment.

Abbreviations: AS, apical lateral branch • DAE, d after emergence • L, compound leaf length • MS, main stem • SPAR, soil-plant-atmosphere research • W, width of the terminal leaflet

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Received for publication June 3, 2007.