Fig. 1. (a) The temperature response function (Eq. [2, 3]) in the Wang and Engel (WE) and Streck leaf appearance models with cardinal temperatures for rice of 11, 26, and 40°C; (b) the chronology response function (Eq. [4, 5]) used in the Streck leaf appearance model; (c) method of calculating daily values of thermal time (TT; Eq. [7, 8]) for leaf appearance in rice with cardinal temperatures of 11, 26, and 40°C.